Solution 2_ Java Program to Count and Map Character Reversals in a String- Interview Question Asked in TCS, Wipro, Deloitte, Tech-Mahindra

### Explanation of the Java Program



This Java program counts the frequency of each character in a given string and stores the results in a `HashMap`. The key of the `HashMap` represents the character, and the value represents the number of times that character appears in the string.



#### Detailed Breakdown of the Code:

1. **Initialization**: - The input string `str` is initialized with the value `"deepakkumar"`.

- The string is converted to a character array `ch` using the method `toCharArray()`. This array will be used to iterate over each character in the string.

2. **Creating the HashMap**:

- A `HashMap map` is instantiated to store each character (as the key) and its frequency (as the value).

3. **Iterating Over Characters**:

- A `for` loop is used to iterate over each character `c` in the character array `ch`.

- For each character `c`, the program checks if it is already present in the `HashMap` using `map.containsKey(c)`.

4. **Updating the HashMap**:

- **If the character is already in the `HashMap`**:

- The program increments the frequency count of that character by 1 using `map.put(c, map.get(c) + 1)`.

- **If the character is not in the `HashMap`**:

- The program adds the character to the `HashMap` with an initial frequency of 1 using `map.put(c, 1)`.

5. **Printing the Result**:

- After processing all characters, the `HashMap map` is printed to the console, showing each character and its corresponding frequency.

### Example Execution:

For the input string `"deepakkumar"`, the program processes each character and updates the `HashMap` as follows:

- **Processing 'd'**:

- Not in the `HashMap`, so it's added with a count of `1` → `{d=1}`.

- **Processing 'e'**:

- Not in the `HashMap`, so it's added with a count of `1` → `{d=1, e=1}`.

- **Processing the second 'e'**:

- Already in the `HashMap`, so its count is incremented by `1` → `{d=1, e=2}`.

- **Continue processing** for each character similarly.

### Example Output:

Given the input `"deepakkumar"`, the output of the program will be:





### Key Points:

- **Character Frequency Count**: The program effectively counts the number of occurrences of each character in the string.

- **HashMap Usage**: The use of a `HashMap` allows for efficient storage and retrieval of character counts, making the solution scalable for larger strings.

- **Simplicity and Efficiency**: The program provides a straightforward and efficient way to analyze character distribution within a string.

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