Java Program to Expand Letters Based on Following Digits in a String- Interview Question asked in Deloitte, Infomerica

The provided Java code snippet expands a compressed string based on the rules defined by the input format. Let's go through the logic step-by-step:





Purpose of the Code:

The code aims to decode a string where a letter is followed by a digit that specifies how many times the letter should be repeated. For example, given the input string `"d2r3w4t2"`, the output will be `"ddrrrwwwwtt"`.

### Key Components of the Code:

1. **Initialization:**

- `str`: The input string to be decoded (`"d2r3w4t2"`).

- `StringBuilder sb`: A dynamic string object to build the decoded output.

- `char[] ch`: An array of characters from the input string to facilitate character-by-character processing.

- `int i`: A loop counter initialized to zero, used to track the current character index.

2. **Main Loop (`for` loop):**

- The loop iterates through each character in the `ch` array except the last one (`j < ch.length - 1`), processing characters to construct the decoded string.

- **If the current character `ch[j]` is a digit:**

- Convert the character to an integer to determine the repeat count (`value`).

- Subtract 1 from the digit (`Integer.parseInt(String.valueOf(ch[j])) - 1`) because we assume that the character should appear an additional time to the count of repetitions.

- Append the previous character (`ch[j-1]`) `value` times to the `StringBuilder`.

- **If the current character `ch[j]` is not a digit:**

- Directly append the character to `StringBuilder`.

3. **Handling the Last Character:**

- After the loop completes, the last character is handled separately (`if (Character.isDigit(ch[i]))`) to ensure no character is skipped.

- If it's a digit, the same logic is applied: calculate the repeat count and append the previous character the required number of times.

- If it's not a digit, append the character directly to `StringBuilder`.

4. **Output:**

- The constructed string in `StringBuilder sb` is printed to the console.

### Example Breakdown:

Given `str = "d2r3w4t2"`:

- **`d2`**: The digit `2` indicates `d` should be repeated once more (2-1 times). Result: `dd`

- **`r3`**: The digit `3` indicates `r` should be repeated twice more (3-1 times). Result: `ddrrr`

- **`w4`**: The digit `4` indicates `w` should be repeated three more times (4-1 times). Result: `ddrrrwwww`

- **`t2`**: The digit `2` indicates `t` should be repeated once more (2-1 times). Result: `ddrrrwwwwtt`

### Final Output:

The output of the code will be:







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